Hematuria is a common condition for the urologists, family physicians and physicians in other specialties. It can be a reason to go physician or determined incidentally during evaluation of the patient. Hematuria may be a herald to underlying serious disease as well as a benign condition doesn't threaten the patient's life or may be not any reason. So what is the criteria for the assessment of this frequently encountered situation in our daily practice. It is important that, how can we avoid unnecessary test when evaluating hematuria as well as how can we prevent skipped a serious disease. In this review we tried to find answers to questions with literature.
Keywords: macroscopic hematuria, microscopic hematuria, urogenital malignancies