Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in male population. There are no curative treatment options especially in castration resistant prostate cancer patients with or without metastasis. In the present day, chemotherapeutic agents such as Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin are in use in the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer. However there are some limitations regarding to the side effects and drug resistance of these medications. In this sense, there is an excessive need of effective treatment options. Nanotechnology is defined as a new technology era which aims to produce multifunctional smart materials at the nano scale with the collaboration of multiple disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Basically, we can define nanotechnology as a science field that allows doing big works with tiny things. Unthinkable innovations that are theory already have been turning into facts one by one, with the usage of nanoparticles which can be programmed for different tasks. By these advantages, nanotechnology has been taken comprehensive place in medical era and thereby in urology era. There a lot of preclinical and clinical studies including the usage of Dosetaxel and Doxorubisin as nanoparticle forms. Besides, ‘Nanochemoprevention’ term has put forward, and comprehensive studies has been in progress to investigate the preventive effects of natural products on prostate cancer. In this review, nanotherapeutics and nanochemoprevention, as well as the clinical development of promising nanoprototypes for use in the prostate cancer treatment will be discussed in the light of recent literature.

Keywords: Prostate cancer, castration resistant, nanotechnology, nanoparticle, chemotherapy