Human tumors are re-regulated by expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) which have been suggested to be novel oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. miRNAs, one of the major regulators of coded genes in genome, emerge as promising elements in molecular medicine for the identification of new diagnostic, prognostic and targeting therapeutic biomarkers. This being the case, we aimed to draw attention to the repercussions on clinical practice stemming from identification of expression profiles and target-gene-mediated functional roles of miRNAs, which have been correlated to urological cancers, in cancer development and progression.