Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the standard method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Significant rates of patient discomfort have been reported for this procedure. Although the procedure is widely used patient preparation and biopsy technique are not standardized among physicians. Thus, a guideline on prostate biopsy is needed. In this report, we reviewed the literature regarding this process in terms of preparation of patients using anticoagulant treatment, bowel preparation, prophylactic antibiotic selection and use, necessity for alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists and pain-control techniques applied prior to the procedure.