Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among elderly men in Europe. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has an important role in radiological methods for evaluation of staging, regional invasion, and lymph node metastases of the tumor. Multiparametric MRG (Mp-MRI) includes the functional sequences such as dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, diffusion weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. Mp-MRI is now the best method in diagnosis of prostate cancer, which helps to detect the tumor size, width, enhancement features, apparent diffusion coefficient, and biologic content of the lesions. Although, reported accuracies of the separate and combined Mp-MRI techniques vary for diverse clinical prostate cancer indications, Mp-MRI of the prostate has shown promising results and may give information in prostate cancer localization and local staging. Education and experience of the radiologists are essential for correct interpretation of Mp-MRI findings. In this review, it was aimed to describe the fundamentals of Mp-MRI of prostate cancer. Additionally, we overviewed the individual MRI techniques with their combined merits and limitations for clinical challenges such as detection, localization, local staging, and active surveillance of prostate cancer, in view of contemporary literature.

Keywords: Anatomic sequences, functional sequences, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate cancer