ABSTRACT

Cancer geometry can be useful for estimating in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent studies have shown that fractal geometry, a vocabulary of irregular shapes, can be useful for describing the pathological architecture of tumors and, perhaps more surprisingly, for yielding insights into the mechanisms of tumor growth and angiogenesis that complement those obtained by modern molecular methods. This article outlines the basic methods of fractal geometry and discusses the value and limitations of applying this new tool to cancer research. Bladder cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas. There is no tumor marker of bladder cancer. It has recurrence and progression risks, so we need new tools and methods about estimating its progression, regression risks. In our opinion more studies about cancer geometry and fractal dimension of bladder cancer will be useful about this topics.