ABSTRACT

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to review the major developments in non-PSA biomarkers for prostate cancer screening and prognostication.

Findings:

The discovery of prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a biomarker revolutionized the early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. However, lack of specificity and an inability to differentiate indolent from life threatening disease reliably at the time of diagnosis are major drawbacks of its use.

Results:

Many studies are conducted to improve the performance of PSA as well as identify additional biomarkers. The most appealing ones are PCA-3 and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions among those being investigated.