ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the recent knowledge about the definiton of highrisk non-muscle- invasive bladder cancer in order to enhance our ability to predict the ones at the highest risk of progression. It was also our aim to evaluate the results of recent research focusing on the best treatment strategies for those patients. Contemporarily, the mainstay definitions of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are based on grade and stage. But, some accompanying factors increasing the risk have been proved through various risk assessment tools and nomograms. However, there are still controversies that exists on the treatment strategy of highrisk patients either with intravesical BCG or radical cystectomy. Although recent studies are succesfully predicting the high-risk patients, future research is needed to predict the high risk patients with acceptable accuracy rate. Particularly, these future researches should concentrate on risk assessment tools and nomograms, including the molecular markers which have definitive roles in large multi-institutional cohorts. (Bulletin of Urooncology 2014;13:93-98)