Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the male population in the world. In cancer-related deaths after lung cancer it ranks as second. Approximately 95% of prostate neoplasms are adenocarcinomas. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare and highly aggressive subtype. Subtype of small cell carcinoma of the prostate constitute about 0.5-2% of all prostate cancers. It can occur alone as primary while it can also occur in association with advanced adenocarcinoma. Most common type of small cell carcinoma of the prostate is neuroendocrine differentiation type which is associated with prostate adenocarcinomas. Cases of small cell carcinomas of the prostate are highly metastasis at diagnosis. The prognosis of small cell carcinomas of the prostate is very poor, unlike adenocarcinoma. These tumors do not have androgen receptors to unlike prostate adenocarcinomas. Therefore these tumors fail to respond to hormonal therapy. We presented a 57-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms, fatigue, and low back pain. There was an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the patient. Therefore, transrectal prostate biopsy was performed. As a result of the biopsy, small cell carcinoma of the prostate which was present in acinar adenocarcinoma component (30-40%) was detected.
Keywords: Prostate cancer, small cell, treatment