ABSTRACT

Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. At the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer, approximately 30% of the cases are diagnosed as muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Metastases and depth of invasion are directly related to survival. In patients with MIBC, multimodal bladder-sparing treatments with chemotherapy and radiotherapy reveal comparable survival rates with radical cystectomy. Therefore, accurate and reliable staging of bladder cancer is of paramount importance in choosing the most appropriate treatment method. In patients with confirmed MIBC, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen and pelvis and the unenhanced CT of the chest is recommended for the optimal staging. The aim of this review was to evaluate imaging of perivesical invasion in MIBC and their clinical usage.